Development Assistance Committee members
 
Official development assistance (ODA)
by donor
  

Net
% of donor GNI

For basic social servicesa
% of total sector- allocable ODA

2004

2003-04
Least developed countries'
access to high-income markets

 

 

Goods
(excluding arms) admitted free of tariffs
%   
1997 2003

Average tariff on exports of least developed countries


  

Agricultural products %
1997 2003

Textiles 
%
1997 2003

Clothing 
%
1997 2003
Support to agriculture
   

   
  
  
  

 


 % of GDP 
2004b
Australia 0.25 15.8 96.6 99.9 0.2 0.2 10.0 0.2 28.3 0.9 0.3
Canada 0.27 29.0 65.9 97.2 0.5 0.2 11.4 0.3 21.8 1.5 0.7
European Union 97.3 96.4 3.2 2.7 0.0 0.2 0.0 1.0 1.2
Austria 0.23 12.6
Belgium 0.41 14.7
Denmark 0.85 23.6
Finland 0.35 15.3
France 0.41 10.0
Germany 0.28 12.7
Greece 0.23 20.6
Ireland 0.39 28.9
Italy 0.15 18.4
Luxembourg 0.83 20.7
Netherlands 0.73 18.1
Portugal 0.63  2.8
Spain 0.24 13.8
Sweden 0.78 16.0
United Kingdom 0.36 31.8
Japan 0.19  5.4 67.8 91.8 13.4 12.6 2.0 0.4 0.0 0.0 1.3
New Zealand 0.23 19.1 0.4
Norway 0.87 18.0 1.3
Switzerland 0.41  8.4 72.8 99.2 8.9 6.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.7
United States 0.17 19.1 22.5 56.1 5.1 3.6 7.4 6.4 15.3 14.2 0.9
          
Development Assistance Committee members
 

HIPC decision pointc
  
  
   

HIPC decision pointcHIPC completion pointd
  
  

Estimated total nominal debt service reliefe
  

$ millions
Benin Jul. 2000 Mar. 2003 460
Bolivia Feb. 2000 Jun. 2001 2,060
Burkina Faso Jul. 2000 Apr. 2002 930
Burundi Aug. 2005 Floating 1,472
Cameroon Oct. 2000 Floating 2,800
Chad May 2001 Floating 260
Congo, Dem. Republic Jul. 2003 Floating 10,389
Côte d’Ivoire Mar. 1998 .. 800
Ethiopia Nov. 2001 Apr. 2004 3,275
Gambia, The Dec. 2000 Floating 90
Ghana Feb. 2002 Jul. 2004 3,500
Guinea Dec. 2000 Floating 800
Guinea-Bissau Dec. 2000 Floating 790
Guyana Nov. 2000 Dec. 2003 1,353
Honduras Jul. 2000 Apr. 2005 1,053
Madagascar Dec. 2000 Oct. 2004 1,900
Malawi Dec. 2000 Floating 1,000
Mali Sep. 2000 Mar. 2003 895
Mauritania Feb. 2000 Jun. 2002 1,100
Mozambique Apr. 2000 Sep. 2001 4,300
Nicaragua Dec. 2000 Jan. 2004 4,500
Niger Dec. 2000 Apr. 2004 1,190
Rwanda Dec. 2000 Apr. 2005 1,400
São Tomé & Principe Dec. 2000 Floating 200
Senegal Jun. 2000 Apr. 2004 850
Sierra Leone Mar. 2002 Floating 950
Tanzania Apr. 2000 Nov. 2001 3,000
Uganda Feb. 2000 May 2000 1,950
Zambia Dec. 2000 Apr. 2005 3,900
          
Footnotes
 
a. Includes basic health, education, nutrition, and water and sanitation services.
b. Preliminary.
c. Except for Côte d’Ivoire the date refers to the Enhanced Heavily Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) Initiative. The following countries also reached their decision point under the original HIPC framework: Bolivia in September 1997, Burkina Faso in September 1997, Côte d’Ivoire in March 1998, Guyana in December 1997, Mali in September 1998, Mozambique in April 1998, and Uganda in April 1997.
d. The date refers to the Enhanced HIPC Initiative. The following countries also reached completion points under the original framework: Bolivia in September 1998, Burkina Faso in July 2000, Guyana in May 1999, Mali in September 2000, Mozambique in July 1999, and Uganda in April 1998.
e. Includes estimated total nominal debt service relief under original and enhanced HIPC, as well as a topping-up of HIPC debt relief at completion point for Burkina Faso, Ethiopia, and Niger.
 

 
 About the data
 
Achieving the Millennium Development Goals will require an open, rule-based global economy in which all countries, rich and poor, participate. Many poor countries, lacking the resources to finance their development, burdened by unsustainable levels of debt, and unable to compete in the global marketplace, need assistance from rich countries. For goal 8—develop a global partnership for development—many of the indicators therefore monitor the actions of members of the Development Assistance Committee (DAC) of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD).
 
Official development assistance (ODA) has risen in recent years as a share of donor countries’ gross national income (GNI), but the poorest countries will need additional assistance to achieve the Millennium Development Goals. Official aid rose to a record high of $79 billion in 2004, and donor countries have pledged to increase ODA by $20 billion by 2006 and to a total of more than $100 billion by 2010. However, this would still fall short of levels considered necessary to achieve the Millennium Development Goals.
 
One of the most important actions that high-income economies can take to help is to reduce barriers to the exports of low- and middle-income economies. The European Union has launched a program to eliminate tariffs on developing country exports of “everything but arms,” and the United States offers special concessions to exports from Sub-Saharan Africa. However, there are still many restrictions built into these programs.
 
The average tariffs in the table reflect the tariff schedules applied by high-income OECD members to exports of countries designated least developed countries by the United Nations. Agricultural commodities, textiles, and clothing are three of the most important categories of goods exported by developing economies. Although average tariffs have been falling, averages may disguise high tariffs targeted at specific goods (see table 6.7 for estimates of the share of tariff lines with “international peaks” in each country’s tariff schedule). The averages in the table include ad valorem duties and ad valorem equivalents of non-ad valorem duties. Subsidies to agricultural producers and exporters in OECD countries are another form of barrier to developing economies’ exports. The table shows the value of total support to agriculture as a share of the economy’s gross domestic product (GDP). Agricultural subsidies in OECD economies are estimated at $378 billion in 2004.
 
The Debt Initiative for Heavily Indebted Poor Countries (HIPCs) is the first comprehensive approach to reducing the external debt of the world’s poorest, most heavily indebted countries. It represents an important step forward in placing debt relief within an overall framework of poverty reduction. A major review in 1999 led to an enhancement of the original framework. Through the HIPC Initiative nominal debt service relief of more than $56 billion has been approved for 28 countries, reducing the net present value of their external debt by approximately two-thirds. Of these countries, 19 have reached the completion point and have been granted unconditional debt service relief of more than $37 billion.
 
1.4a
Location of indicators for Millennium Development Goal 8
Goal 8. Develop a global partnership for development

Table
 33. Net ODA as a percentage of DAC donors’ gross national income 6.9  
 34. Proportion of ODA for basic social services 1.4  
 35. Proportion of ODA that is untied 6.9  
 36. Proportion of ODA received in landlocked countries as a percentage of GNI —  
 37. Proportion of ODA received in small island developing states as a percentage of GNI —  
 38. Proportion of total developed country imports (by value, excluding arms) from developing countries admitted free of duty 1.4  
 39. Average tariffs imposed by developed countries on agricultural products and textiles and clothing from developing countries 1.4, 6.7*  
 40. Agricultural support estimate for OECD countries as a percentage of GDP 1.4  
 41. Proportion of ODA provided to help build trade capacity —  
 42. Number of countries reaching HIPC decision and completion points 1.4  
 43. Debt relief committed under new HIPC initiative 1.4  
 44. Debt services as a percentage of exports of goods and services 4.17  
 45. Unemployment rate of 15- to 24-year-olds 1.3, 2.9  
 46. Proportion of population with access to affordable, essential drugs on a sustainable basis —  
 47. Telephone lines and cellular subscribers per 100 people 1.3, 5.10  
 48a. Personal computers in use per 100 people 5.11  
 48b. Internet users per 100 people 5.11  
        
— No data are available in the World Development Indicators database.
* Table shows information on related indicators.
   

 
 Definitions
   
• Net official development assistance (ODA) comprises grants and loans (net of repayments of principal) that meet the DAC definition of ODA and are made to countries and territories on part I of the DAC list of recipient countries. • ODA for basic social services is aid reported by DAC donors for basic health, education, nutrition, and water and sanitation services. • Goods admitted free of tariffs refer to the value of exports of goods (excluding arms) from least developed countries admitted without tariff, as a share of total exports from least developed countries. • Average tariff is the simple mean tariff, the unweighted average of the effectively applied rates for all products subject to tariffs. • Agricultural products comprise plant and animal products, including tree crops but excluding timber and fish products. • Textiles and clothing include natural and synthetic fibers and fabrics and articles of clothing made from them. • Support to agriculture is the annual monetary value of all gross transfers from taxpayers and consumers arising from policy measures that support agriculture, net of the associated budgetary receipts, regardless of their objectives and impacts on farm production and income, or consumption of farm products. • HIPC decision point is the date at which a heavily indebted poor country with an established track record of good performance under adjustment programs supported by the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank commits to undertake additional reforms and to develop and implement a poverty reduction strategy. • HIPC completion point is the date at which the country successfully completes the key structural reforms agreed on at the decision point, including developing and implementing its poverty reduction strategy. The country then receives the bulk of debt relief under the HIPC Initiative without further policy conditions. • Estimated total nominal debt service relief is the amount of debt service relief, calculated at the decision point, that will allow the country to achieve debt sustainability at the completion point.
   

 
 Data sources
The indicators here, and where they appear throughout the rest of the book, have been compiled by World Bank staff from primary and secondary sources. The World Trade Organization, in collaboration with the UN Conference on Trade and Development and the International Trade Centre, provided the estimates of goods admitted free of tariffs and average tariffs. Subsidies to agriculture are compiled by the OECD. Data on the HIPC Initiative are from the August 2005 “HIPC Status Report.”